War and independence in Afghanistan, 1919

Talks between the US government envoy, Zalmay Khalilzad, and representatives of the Taliban guerrillas are underway in Qatar: the latest press reports speak of a possible agreement, which would provide for the withdrawal of US troops from the country in exchange for the ceasefire and the disengagement of the increasingly undefined al Qaeda from Afghanistan. … continua a leggere

Peace or armistice? The Treaty of Versailles, 28 June 1919

On June 28, 1919, at 3.12 pm, in the Hall of Mirrors of the historic Palace of Versailles, the German Social Democrat Hermann Müller, Foreign Minister for just over a week, and the Minister of the Colonies, the centrist parliamentarian Johannes Bell, signed, in the name of the German government, the peace treaty that formally … continua a leggere

The British Rowlatt Act against India national movement

British rule in India (British Raj) officially dates back to 1858. It was following the great Indian Revolt of 1857 (Revolt of the Sepoys), due in large part to the arrogant conduct of the East India Company, which until then had governed the subcontinent, which became the direct domain of the English Crown, which allowed … continua a leggere

The Egyptian uprising in 1919 and Wilson’s Fourteen Points

We often forget the tribute that the so-called persons of color gave to the Allied victory in the Great War: on almost 9 million people mobilized by Great Britain, for example, 2.7 million were non-British troops. Their blood tribute was very high: out of 910 thousand fallen, 177 thousand in fact belonged to colonial troops. … continua a leggere

Anti-Bolshevik alliances on the Baltic, 1st February 1919

Major General Rüdiger von der Goltz was certainly not a rookie, when on 1 February 1919 he arrived in Liepāja, Latvia. His last command was the Sixth Army, who had fought hard against the Bolsheviks in Finland: Now he slipped into one of the most incredible puzzles formed immediately after the collapse of the German … continua a leggere